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American campaign slogan

Trump's "Make America Not bad Over again!" sign used during his 2016 presidential campaign before Trump selected Mike Pence every bit his vice presidential running mate

"Brand America Great Over again" or MAGA ()[a] is a campaign slogan used in American politics popularized by Donald Trump in his successful 2016 presidential campaign. Ronald Reagan used the similar slogan "Let's Brand America Great Once again" in his successful 1980 presidential campaign. Bill Clinton as well used the phrase in speeches during his successful 1992 presidential campaign and used it again in a radio commercial aired for his married woman Hillary Clinton's unsuccessful 2008 presidential chief campaign. Douglas Schoen has called Trump'due south utilize of the phrase "probably the virtually resonant campaign slogan in recent history", citing majorities of Americans who believed that the country was in decline.[2] [iii]

The slogan became a popular civilisation phenomenon, seeing widespread use and spawning numerous variants in the arts, amusement and politics, beingness used by those who support and oppose the presidency of Donald Trump.

Since its popularization in the 2010s, the slogan is considered a loaded phrase. Multiple analytic journalists, scholars, and commentators link information technology to racism in the United States, regarding it as dog-whistle politics and coded language.[4] [5] [6] [vii] The slogan was also at the center of two events originally reported inaccurately in nigh media outlets, the Jussie Smollett hate criminal offense hoax and the January 2019 Lincoln Memorial confrontation.[8] [ix] [10] [11]

Use earlier Donald Trump [edit]

Alexander Wiley [edit]

The phrase was first used by Republican senator Alexander Wiley in a speech at the third session of the 76th The states Congress in anticipation of the 1940 United States presidential election: "What is the way? Hither is America. There are 130,000,000 of us. America needs a leader who can coordinate labor, capital, and management; who can give the man of enterprise encouragement, who can give them the spirit which volition beget vision. That will make America dandy again."[12]

Barry Goldwater [edit]

The slogan was found in some advertizement associated with Barry Goldwater's unsuccessful 1964 presidential campaign.[thirteen]

Ronald Reagan [edit]

"Let's make America great again" was famously used in Ronald Reagan's 1980 presidential campaign. At the time the United States was suffering from a worsening economic system at home marked by stagflation and Reagan, using the state's economic distress as a springboard for his campaign, used the slogan to stir a sense of patriotism among the electorate.[14] [15] [16] [17] Within his acceptance speech at the 1980 Republican National Convention, Reagan said, "For those without task opportunities, we'll stimulate new opportunities, particularly in the inner cities where they live. For those who've abandoned promise, we'll restore hope and we'll welcome them into a great national cause to make America great again."[18] [19]

Nib Clinton [edit]

The phrase was also used in speeches[xx] by Pecker Clinton during his 1992 presidential campaign.[21] Clinton besides used the phrase in a radio commercial aired for Hillary Clinton'southward 2008 presidential primary entrada.[22]

During the 2016 electoral campaign, Clinton suggested that Trump's version, used as a campaign rallying cry, was a message to white Southerners that Trump was promising to "give yous an economy you had 50 years ago, and... movement you dorsum up on the social totem pole and other people down."[23]

Christine O'Donnell [edit]

Christine O'Donnell'south book well-nigh her unsuccessful 2010 bid as the Republican nominee for a United states of america Senate seat in Delaware was published past St. Martin's Press on August sixteen, 2011, as Troublemaker: Allow'south Do What It Takes to Make America Slap-up Again.[24]

Apply by Donald Trump [edit]

Donald Trump wearing a "Make America Great Again" cap during his 2016 presidential entrada

In December 2011, Trump fabricated a statement in which he said he was unwilling to rule out running every bit a presidential candidate in the time to come, explaining "I must leave all of my options open because, in a higher place all else, we must make America great again."[25] Also in December 2011, he published a volume using equally a subtitle the similar phrase "Making America #one Once again" – which in a 2015 reissue was changed to "Make America Great Again!"[26]

Trump popularized the slogan "Make America Great Again" past stitching it onto his widely distributed cap

On January ane, 2012, a group of Trump supporters filed paperwork with the Texas Secretarial assistant of State's office to create the "Make America Great Once more Party", which would have allowed Trump to be that party's nominee if he had decided to get a tertiary-party candidate in the 2012 presidential election.[27] Trump himself began using the slogan formally on November 7, 2012, the day afterwards Barack Obama won his reelection against Mitt Romney. By his ain business relationship, Trump first considered "We Will Make America Great", but did not feel like information technology had the right "band" to information technology. "Make America Peachy" was his side by side slogan idea, but upon farther reflection, he felt that it was a slight to America because it unsaid that America was never great. Later selecting "Make America Nifty Again", Trump immediately had an attorney register it. (Trump later said he was unaware of Reagan's use in 1980 until 2015, merely noted that "he didn't trademark it.")[28] On Nov 12 he signed an application with the United States Patent and Trademark Role requesting exclusive rights to utilise the slogan for political purposes. Information technology was registered equally a service marking on July 14, 2015, after Trump formally began his 2016 presidential entrada and demonstrated that he was using the slogan for the purpose stated on the application.[29] [28] [30] Trump used the slogan in public as early on every bit Baronial 2013, in an interview with Jonathan Karl.[31]

Imprint displaying "Vote To Make America Great Again" on a roadside in California before long after the Nov 2016 election

Trump wearing a "Proceed America Great" chapeau in December 2019

During the 2016 campaign, Trump often used the slogan, especially by wearing hats emblazoned with the phrase in white messages, which presently became popular among his supporters.[32] The slogan was so of import to the campaign that at 1 bespeak it spent more on making the hats – sold for $25 each on its website – than on polling, consultants, or television receiver commercials. Millions were sold, and Trump estimated that apocryphal versions outnumbered the existent chapeau ten to one. "...just it was a slogan, and every fourth dimension somebody buys i, that's an advertisement."[28]

Following Trump's election, the website of his presidential transition was established at greatagain.gov.[33] Trump said in 2017 and 2018 that the slogan of his 2020 reelection campaign would be "Keep America Great" and he sought to trademark it.[28] [34] Still, Trump'south 2020 campaign connected to utilize the "Make America Great Again" slogan.[35] Trump'south vice president, Mike Pence, used the phrase "brand America groovy again, once again" in his 2020 Republican National Convention speech communication, garnering ridicule and comparisons to the catchphrase "over again-over again" from Teletubbies.[36] [37] In tardily 2021, this phrase became the proper name of a pro-Trump Super-PAC, which was also mocked.[38]

Less than a week after Trump left office, he spoke to advisors near possibly establishing a 3rd party, which he suggested might be named either the "Patriot Party" or "Brand America Keen Again Political party". In his offset few days out of office, he also supported Arizona state party chairwoman Kelli Ward, who as well called for the cosmos of a "MAGA Party". In tardily January 2021, the former president viewed the proposed MAGA Political party as leverage to forbid Republican senators from voting to convict him during the Senate impeachment trial, and to field challengers to Republicans who voted for his impeachment in the Firm.[39] [40]

[edit]

Donald Trump took the campaign slogan to social media (primarily to Twitter), using the hashtags #makeamericagreatagain and its acronym #maga. In response to criticism regarding his frequent and untraditional usage of social media, Trump dedicated himself by tweeting "My use of social media is not Presidential – it's Modernistic DAY PRESIDENTIAL. Make America Bully Again!" on July 1, 2017.[41]

In the first one-half of 2017, Trump repeated his slogan on Twitter 33 times.[42] In an commodity for Bloomberg News, Mark Whitehouse noted "A regression assay suggests the phrase adds (very roughly) 51,000 to a post'due south retweet-and-favorite count, which is important given that the boilerplate Trump tweet attracts a total of 107,000."[42]

Trump attributed his victory (in part) to social media when he said "I won the 2016 election with interviews, speeches, and social media."[43] According to RiteTag,[44] the estimated hourly statistics for #maga on Twitter lonely include: 1,304 unique tweets, five,820,000 hashtag exposure, and three,424 retweets with 14% of #maga tweets including images, 55% including links, and 51% including mentions.[44]

Donald Trump gear up upward his Twitter account in March 2009. His follower-count increased significantly post-obit the announcement (June sixteen, 2015) of his intention to run for president in the 2016 presidential election, with particularly notable spikes occurring after his securing the Republican Party nomination (May iii, 2016) and later winning the presidency.[45]

Accusations of racism [edit]

Regarding its apply since 2015, information technology is considered a loaded phrase. Marissa Melton, a Phonation of America announcer, among others,[5] [6] explained how it is a loaded phrase because it "doesn't just appeal to people who hear it every bit racist coded language, but as well to those who have felt a loss of status as other groups have become more empowered."[four] As Sarah Churchwell explains, the slogan now resonates as America Outset did in the early 1940s, with the idea "that the true version of America is the America that looks like me, the American fantasy I imagine existed before information technology was diluted with other races and other people."[46]

Writing stance for the Los Angeles Times, Robin Abcarian wrote that "[w]earing a 'Make America Not bad Again' hat is not necessarily an overt expression of racism. Simply if you article of clothing one, it'south a pretty good indication that you share, admire or appreciate President Trump's racist views about Mexicans, Muslims and edge walls."[6] The Detroit Free Press and the Los Angeles Times reported how several of their readers rejected this characterization and did not believe the slogan or MAGA hats are bear witness of racism, seeing them more in patriotic or American nationalist terms.[47] [48] Nicholas Goldberg described the slogan as "fabulous", writing: "Information technology was vague enough to appeal to optimists generally, while leaving plenty of room for bitter and resentful voters to conclude that we were finally going dorsum to the days when they ran the world."[49] Polling has shown that about x percent of blackness voters identified equally Trump supporters,[50] [ non-chief source needed ] while about thirty percent of Hispanic voters identified as Trump supporters.[51] [ better source needed ]

Australian political commentator and former Liberal political party leader John Hewson writes in Jan 2018 that he believes the contempo global movements against traditional politics and politicians are based on racism and prejudice. He comments: "There should be little doubt about United states of america President Donald Trump'due south views on race, despite his occasional 'denials', assertions of 'fake news', and/or his semantic distinctions. His election campaign theme was effectively a hope to 'Make America Great Once again; America First and Merely' and—nod, nod, wink, flash—to Brand America White Over again."[52]

Utilise by others [edit]

In politics [edit]

Political commentator and author Peter Beinart published a 2006 volume titled The Good Fight: Why Liberals – and Only Liberals – Can Win the War on Terror and Brand America Great Again [53] drawing on the philosophy of theologian Reinhold Niebuhr subsequently the Invasion of Iraq and early years of the War on Terror. In 2011, Christine O'Donnell published a book about her Republican Senate campaign in the 2010 Delaware special election titled Troublemaker: Let'southward Practice What It Takes To Brand America Dandy Again.[54]

After Donald Trump popularized the apply of the phrase, the phrase and modifications of information technology were widely used in reference both to his election campaign and to his politics. Trump'southward primary opponents, Ted Cruz and Scott Walker, began using "Make America Great Again" in speeches, inciting Trump to ship end-and-desist messages to them.[28] Cruz later sold hats featuring, "Make Trump Debate Again", in response to Trump'southward boycotting the Iowa January 28, 2016, debate.[55] The phrase has also been parodied in political statements, such as "Make America Mexico Again", a critique of Trump's immigration policies regarding the U.S.–United mexican states border.[56] [57]

Use by political rivals [edit]

New York Governor Andrew Cuomo said America "was never that great" during a September 2018 beak signing.[58] [59] Sometime US Attorney General Eric Holder questioned the slogan in a March 2019 interview on MSNBC, asking: "Exactly when did y'all recall America was great?"[60] [61] During John McCain's memorial service on September 1, 2018, his daughter Meghan stated: "The America of John McCain has no demand to exist made slap-up once more considering America was e'er bully."[62] Trump after tweeted "Make AMERICA GREAT AGAIN!" afterwards that day.[63]

Use by hate groups [edit]

A 2018 report using text mining and semantic network analytics of Twitter text and hashtags networks found that the "#MakeAmericaGreatAgain" and "#MAGA" hashtags were commonly used past white supremacist and white nationalist users, and had been used as "an organizing discursive space" for far-right extremists globally.[64]

Other countries [edit]

In June 2017, Emmanuel Macron, President of French republic, rebuked Trump over withdrawing from the Paris Agreement. The final judgement of the speech delivered past him was "brand our planet corking again."[65]

During his campaign for the 2019 Indonesian presidential election in October 2018, former opposition leader Prabowo Subianto used the phrase "brand Indonesia keen again", though he denied having copied Trump.[66]

During the Swedish European Parliament ballot in May 2019, the Swedish Christian Autonomous Party used the slogan "Make EU Lagom Once again".[67] [68]

February 2019 Fridays for Future protest in Berlin with the line "Make Earth Greta Again"

Members of the Fridays for Hereafter Motion have often used slogans similar "Make World Greta Once more", referring to activist Greta Thunberg.[69] In 2019, Grant Armour and Milene Larsson co-directed a documentary film named Brand the Earth Greta Once again.[70]

The Spanish far right party Voice used as slogan "Hacer a España grande otra vez", or "Make Spain Smashing Again".[71] [72]

In popular civilisation [edit]

Rap-stone supergroup Prophets of Rage displaying a "Brand America Rage Once more" stage backdrop reminiscent of the "Brand America Bang-up Again" catchphrase equally it appears on a MAGA hat

The phrase and its variants are widely used and parodied in media.

Adult entertainment [edit]

  • Adult moving-picture show star Stormy Daniels, who allegedly had an affair with President Trump, took part in a "Make America Horny Again" strip guild tour. The tour followed Trump's initial 2016 campaign trail and part of the revenue was donated to Planned Parenthood.[73]

Advertising [edit]

  • A Dunk-a-roos marketing entrada used the slogan "Make America Dunk Again".[74]

Artwork [edit]

  • Brand Everything Great Once again was a street art mural past artist Mindaugas Bonanu in Vilnius, Lithuania.[75] [76]

Comedy [edit]

  • Comedian David Cantankerous's 2016 stand-up tour was titled "Making America Slap-up Again".[77]

Conventions and events [edit]

  • In 2016, ii Dragon Con cosplayers claiming an association with Adult Swim and Drawing Network, and dressed as the Earth Trade Center during the September xi attacks, wore "Make FishCenter Great Again" hats.[78] [79] [80]

Mode [edit]

  • Style Designer Andre Soriano used the "Brand America Great Again" Official presidential campaign Flag to design a MAGA Gown for celebrities in Hollywood to wear on Cherry-red Carpet e.g. 2017 Grammy Awards.[81]

Films [edit]

  • In Hot Fuzz (2007), Inspector Frank Butterman says "Make Sandford Not bad Again" to Sergeant Nicholas Angel.[82]
  • In Holmes & Watson (2018), Sherlock Holmes wears a "Make England Neat Again" fez hat in one scene.[83]
  • The Syfy film Sharknado 5: Global Swarming (2017) was released with the tagline "Make America Bait Again".[84]
  • The tagline for The Purge: Election Year (2016) is "Keep America Bully" (a phrase Trump would later use as his 2020 entrada slogan); one of the Telly spots for the film featured Americans who explained why they back up the Purge, with one stating he does so "to keep my country [America] peachy".[85] The next motion picture in the franchise, The First Purge, was after advertised with a affiche featuring its title stylized on a MAGA hat.[86]
  • The character Paul in Da 5 Bloods is an avid Trump supporter and sports a MAGA lid throughout the film.[87]

Games [edit]

  • In Assassin's Creed Odyssey (2018), Cleon says "Brand Athens Great Again" during his campaign against Pericles.
  • In the video game Mortal Kombat eleven (2019), Shao Kahn urges Mortal Kombat11 newcomer Kollector to "make Outworld dandy again".
  • The video game Wolfenstein: The New Colossus (2017) used "Brand America Nazi-Free Once again" in its marketing campaign.[88]
  • In Metal Gear Rising: Revengeance (2013), Senator Steven Armstrong uses the phrase "Make America Great Again" during his speech communication while contesting Raiden.[89]
  • In Hitman two (2018 video game), an elusive targed named Vincente Murillo is shown doing a broadcast under the slogan Haz que Colombia sea grande otra vez .[90]

Music [edit]

  • Fall Out Boy released a remix of their anthology American Dazzler/American Psycho titled Brand America Psycho Again.[91]
  • Rapper Kevin Gates released a song in 2018 chosen M.A.T.A, significant Make America Trap Again.[92]
  • Make America Rock Once again was a rock concert tour.[93]
  • Rap rock supergroup Prophets of Rage, consisting of members of Rage Against the Machine, Public Enemy and Cypress Colina, chosen their 2017 nationwide bout the "Make America Rage Once more Tour", using a stage backdrop reminiscent of a MAGA chapeau.
  • UK musician and author James Kennedy released a rock protest album in 2020 called 'Make Anger Great Again'[94]
  • Snoop Dogg released a song titled "Make America Crip Again".[95]
  • Frank Turner released a song called "Make America Great Once again" on his album Be More Kind (2018).
  • Singer Joy Villa produced a single "Make America Great Once again" a few months after actualization at the 2017 Grammy Awards in a 'MAGA' dress.[96]
  • Rapper Lil Wayne wore a hat saying Make America Skate once again in Risk the Rapper's video No Problem
  • Hip Hop Producer Zaytoven released an anthology titled Brand America Trap Again (2019), with encompass fine art inspired by the Barack Obama "Hope" poster.[97]
  • Russian activists and artists Pussy Riot released a song titled Make America Great Again.[98]
  • Metallic band Thy Art Is Murder released a vocal chosen "Brand America Hate Once again" on their album Human Target (2019). They likewise sell a hat with the slogan "Make Deathcore Great Once more".

Sports [edit]

  • Then-Washington Nationals baseball outfielder Bryce Harper wore a hat saying "Make Baseball game Fun Again" during a postgame interview in 2016.

Books and Publications [edit]

  • Author Octavia E. Butler used "Make America Great Once more" as the presidential campaign slogan for a character, Andrew Steele Jarret, in her 1998 dystopian novel, Parable of the Talents.[99] Jarret is described equally "a demagogue, a rabble-rouser, and a hypocrite [who] pulled religion and government together and cemented the link with money from rich businessmen".[100]
  • Author Andre Louis wrote and published "Make America Date Over again",[101] a satirical book on dating and relationships.

Television [edit]

  • John Oliver spoofed the slogan on his show Last Week Tonight with John Oliver in a segment dedicated to Trump, urging viewers to "Make Donald Drumpf Again", in reference to the original bequeathed proper noun of the Trump family.[102] [103] The segment broke HBO viewership records, garnering 85 million views.[103]
  • In the S Park episode "Where My Land Gone?" (2015), supporters of Mr. Garrison, who runs a campaign that is a parody of Trump'due south, are seen holding signs begetting the slogan.[104]
  • In the Star Expedition: Discovery episode "What'due south Past Is Prologue" (2018), Gabriel Lorca vows to "make the Empire glorious once more", a line that was compared to Trump by many reviewers.[105] [106] [107] [108]

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ Pronunciation used by Trump.[1]

References [edit]

  1. ^ The Telegraph (May xxx, 2020). Donald Trump: 'MAGA loves the black people' responding to race protests (YouTube video). Event occurs at 0:00.
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  3. ^ Edwards-Levy, Ariel (November 18, 2015). "Americans Aren't Sure Anything In America Works Anymore". Huff Post . Retrieved November 5, 2018.
  4. ^ a b Melton, Marissa (August 31, 2017). "Is 'Make America Great Again' Racist?". Voice of America. Retrieved Oct 25, 2020.
  5. ^ a b Shamus, Kristen Jordan (January 24, 2019). "MAGA hats: Trump campaign swag or symbols of detest?". Detroit Free Press . Retrieved October 25, 2020.
  6. ^ a b c Abcarian, Robin (February 5, 2019). "MAGA hats and greasepaint are different forms of expression, but they share a certain unfortunate DNA". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved Oct 25, 2020.
  7. ^ Rebecca Solnit (2018). Telephone call Them by Their True Names: American Crises (and Essays). Haymarket Books. Trump'due south slogan, 'Brand America cracking again', seemed to invoke a return to a Never Never Country of white male supremacy, where coal was an awesome fuel, blue-color manufacturing jobs were what they had been in 1956, women vest in the home, and the needs of white men were paramount.
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External links [edit]

  • Reagan at the 1980 GOP convention

manseaubegraced.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_America_Great_Again

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